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Brasil está entre os maiores consumidores mundiais de remédios para emagrecer

O Brasil está entre os cinco maiores importadores mundiais de drogas controladas, como o femproporex e anfepramona (medicamentos utilizados para emagrecer). Juntamente com a Espanha, Alemanha, Estados Unidos e Reino Unido, o país importa 78% de remédios anorexígenos produzidos no planeta. Para discutir o alto consumo de remédios, a Unicamp promoveu o Fórum Permanente e Interdisciplinar de Saúde A Terapêutica e o Uso Racional do Medicamento, no dia 18 de agosto.

O Brasil está entre os cinco maiores importadores mundiais de drogas controladas, como o femproporex e anfepramona (medicamentos utilizados para emagrecer). Juntamente com a Espanha, Alemanha, Estados Unidos e Reino Unido, o país importa 78% de remédios anorexígenos produzidos no planeta. Para discutir o alto consumo de remédios, a Unicamp promoveu o Fórum Permanente e Interdisciplinar de Saúde A Terapêutica e o Uso Racional do Medicamento, no dia 18 de agosto.

Elisaldo de Araújo Carlini, professor da Escola Paulista de Medicina e membro da Junta Internacional para o Controle de Narcóticos (INCB, sigla em inglês) das Nações Unidas tratou do uso indiscriminado das drogas para emagrecer. Carlini mostrou que, desde 1988, o Brasil vem sendo advertido pelo INCB pela volumosa entrada dessas substâncias. Embora as políticas do Ministério da Saúde tivessem reduzido o consumo dessa classe de medicamentos de 1994 a 1997, a legislação se tornou mais permissiva em 1998 e o uso subiu mais de 500% em relação aos anos anteriores. Chile e Argentina, depois de advertidos pelo INCB, tomaram medidas para diminuir a importação dos emagrecedores. Portugal agiu de forma mais drástica, proibindo o comércio de substâncias como o femproporex e anfepramona em fórmulas manipuladas.

De acordo com o professor, são raros os casos que necessitam de drogas anorexígenas. De 80 a 90% dos consumidores deste tipo de medicamento estão com o peso ideal ou um pouco acima dele, e nove entre dez são mulheres, influenciadas pelos padrões de beleza atuais ou da chamada “Síndrome de Barbie”. Para alcançar o peso tido como ideal, corre-se o risco de sofrer irritação, nervosismo, insônia, taquicardia, hipertensão e dependência, alguns dos efeitos colaterais dessas substâncias que, muitas vezes, são consumidas via automedicação.

Uso racional

Na tentativa de mudar a cultura da prescrição médica e de formar profissionais mais críticos quanto à influência da indústria farmacêutica, Thaís Queluz da Unesp de Botucatu e Eduardo Coelho da USP apresentaram um modelo de curso sobre o uso racional de medicamentos, implantado na grade curricular de suas faculdades. Esse projeto visa diminuir erros de prescrição, reações adversas de medicamentos, gastos públicos e privados desnecessários. “Nós só conhecemos parte da informação do medicamento”, afirma Coelho, referindo-se à classe médica.

Em 1968 foi abolida dos currículos das escolas de medicina a disciplina de Terapêutica, que tinha o mesmo propósito do curso proposto pelos pesquisadores da Unesp e USP. Segundo Queluz, este fato coincidiu com a expansão da indústria farmacêutica no mercado brasileiro. O tema voltou a ser discutido com o I Curso Nacional sobre o Ensino para o Uso Racional de Medicamentos, realizado em 2002, quando alguns participantes formaram o Grupo Paulista para o Ensino do Uso Racional de Medicamentos. A disciplina está sendo implantado em vários cursos de medicina em São Paulo.

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